1. ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺑـ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻰ ﻟﻠﺴـﻼﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺤـﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫‪Introduction to‬‬
‫‪National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health‬‬
‫ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻲ ﻟﻠﺼﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﻴﺔ )ﻧﻴﻮﺵ( ﺇﺟﺮﺍء ﺃﺑﺤﺎﺙ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺇﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺮﺽ ، ﻭ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻰ ﻳﻌﺘﺒـﺮ ﻭﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ‬
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‫ﺑﺸﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺍﺑﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺎﺋﻴﺔ . ﻭﻳﺘﻤﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﻬﺪﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻟﻠﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺧﻠﻖ ﺑﻴﺌﺔ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺁﻣﻨﺔ ﻭﺻﺤﻴﺔ ﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻣﻴﺮﻛﻴﻴﻦ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺐ‬
‫.‬ ‫. ﺷﻰء ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻬﺪ ﻓﻲ 0791 ﺟﻨﺒﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺟﻨﺐ ﻣﻊ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻧﻴﻮﺵ ﻫﻮ ﺟﺰء ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻄﺮﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍﺽ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻗﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ )‪(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention – CDC‬‬
‫ﻭﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ )‪(Department of Health and Human Services – HSS‬‬
‫.‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻊ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‬ ‫)ﺃﻭﺷﺎ( ﻛﻴﺎﻧﻴﻦ ﻣﻨﻔﺼﻠﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻧﻴﻮﺵ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺠﺐ ﺍﻻﺷﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻂ ، ﻳﺘﻌﺮﺽ 0009 ﻋﺎﻡ ﻝ ﻳﻮﻣﻴﺎ ﻹ ﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺧﻄﻴﺮﺓ ، 61 ﻭ 731 ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻳﻤﻮﺗﻮﻥ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻇﺮﻭﻑ ﻭ ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﻤﻮﻗﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ. ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﺔ ﻧﻴﻮﺵ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻵﻣﻨﺔ ﻟﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﺳﺎﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ، ﻭﺇﺟﺮﺍء ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺗﻔﺘﻴﺶ ﻝﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ، ﻭﺇﺟﺮﺍء ﺑﺤﻮﺙ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﺪﻳﺚ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺿﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ ، ﻭﺗﻤﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﻮﺙ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺔ .‬
‫ﺗﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﻧﻴﻮﺵ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ.‬
‫ﺍ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﻣﺆﺧﺮﺍ ﻓﻰ ﻧﻴﻮﺵ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺮﺍﺿﻲ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺣﺜﻴﻦ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺧﻄﺮ ﻭﻗﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺤﻮﺍﺩﺙ ، ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻝ‬
‫ﻭﻓﻴﺎﺕ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎء ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺸﻴﻴﺪ . ﺗﺪﺭﺱ ﻧﻴﻮﺵ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﻃﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺴﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻋﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ ﺟﻨﺒﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺟﻨﺐ ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﻟﻤﻨﻊ ﺇﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺮ ﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻋﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ.‬
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‫ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻧﻴـﻮﺵ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺎﻃﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ )‪ ، (HHE‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻷﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻮﻇﻔﻴﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺪ ﺳﻮﺍء ﻃﻠﺐ ﺇﺟﺮﺍء ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﻷﻣﺎﻛﻦ‬
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‫ﻋﻤﻠﻬﻢ . ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴـﺔ ﻣﻤﺜﻠﻲ ﻧﻴﻮﺵ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺎﻃﺮ ﻭﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﺟﺮﺍءﺍﺕ ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺤﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﻨﻊ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺮﺽ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻓﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺟﻤﺔ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ.‬
‫ﻡ ﺗـﺮﺟﻤﺔ ) ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮﺳﻮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ (‬
‫ﻃﺎﺭﻕ ﺳﻤﻴﺮ ﻛﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺪﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬
‫ﺷـﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻴﺒﻮﺵ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻝﺻﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﻴﺔ‬